Programs that offer HIV tests which are used to identify individuals who have been infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and are at risk for developing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) or which are used to measure progression of the disease in people known to be infected. The most common HIV screening test is the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which most frequently uses peripheral blood drawn from the arm or a finger as a sample, but can also be conducted using serum, oral fluids or urine. Repeatedly reactive EIA tests are confirmed using the Western blot or the immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The most common test that is used to measure disease progression is the PCR (polymeraise chain reaction) or viral load test. Many programs that provide HIV testing also provide pre-testing and post-test counselling which includes information about AIDS/HIV, reducing risks for HIV transmission, emotional support to help the individual deal with the testing process and test results, and information about and referral to other AIDS-related services.

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Programs that provide counselling services for individuals at risk for contracting or transmitting the HIV virus with the objective of supporting their ability to make behaviour changes that will reduce their risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Counselling involves a personal risk assessment, development of a personalized action plan and the decision to seek an HIV test. Individuals who have a history of injection drug use, unprotected intercourse or sexual contact, sexual activity at a young age, multiple sex partners, sexually transmitted infection, and/or sex trade work are considered to be at high or increased risk and are targets for prevention counselling.

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Programs that provide information regarding practices that reduce the risk of an individual contracting an infection, including AIDS, through sexual activity.

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Programs that help prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and other blood-borne infectious diseases by providing new, sterile and single use equipment and biohazard containers for safe disposal, in order to reduce the spread of these diseases. Supplies provided may vary per program and can include safe injection supplies, safe inhalation supplies, drug testing, and antidotes to reverse an overdose from opioids. Also included are supplies for safe hormone injection for trans, gender diverse, and two-spirited individuals who face unique barriers and inequitable access to gender-affirming health care services. The distribution of supplies is part of a comprehensive public health disease prevention strategy with the goal to reduce re-using and sharing drug use equipment.

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